Flaps and grafts revisited: cross-leg and thigh flaps for lower extremity wounds

Soft tissue reconstruction of the lower extremity has evolved considerably over the last 25 years. We no longer have to rely only on awkward pedicle flaps, or ultimately, amputation in order to heal a leg wound. The following is a brief history of the flaps prior to the development and use of the operating microscope and an increased knowledge of the circulation distal to the knee.