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Related Experiment Video

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In Vitro Characterization of the Electrophysiological Properties of Colonic Afferent Fibers in Rats

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Rectosigmoid junction: anatomical, histological, and radiological studies with special reference to a sphincteric

A Shafik¹, S Doss, S Asaad

¹Department of Surgery and Experimental Research, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

International Journal of Colorectal Disease

|January 27, 2000

Summary

The rectosigmoid junction (RSJ) likely has an anatomical sphincter, evidenced by its unique mucosal rosette and muscle structure. This anatomical sphincter appears to regulate stool passage from the sigmoid colon to the rectum.

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Area of Science:

Anatomy
Histology
Radiology

Background:

The existence of a sphincter at the rectosigmoid junction (RSJ) is debated.
Previous studies suggest a physiological sphincter based on pressure zones.
The current study aimed to investigate anatomical and histological evidence for an RSJ sphincter.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the anatomical and histological structure of the rectosigmoid junction (RSJ).
To evaluate the radiological appearance of the RSJ.
To determine the functional significance of the RSJ, particularly regarding sphincter presence.

Main Methods:

Dissection of 28 cadavers (adults and neonates) to study RSJ anatomy.
Histological examination of the RSJ in 5 cadavers.
Double-contrast barium enema in 50 healthy volunteers to assess radiological features.

Main Results:

A

Conclusions:

Anatomical, histological, and radiological findings support the existence of an anatomical sphincter at the RSJ.
The RSJ is identifiable by its internal features, including a mucosal rosette and increasing circular muscle thickness.
This anatomical sphincter likely plays a role in regulating fecal transit from the sigmoid colon to the rectum.