Basic fibroblast growth factor sensitizes NIH 3T3 cells to apoptosis induced by cisplatin

One mechanism by which chemotherapeutic agents kill tumor cells is by induction of apoptosis. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2) has been reported to inhibit apoptosis in NIH 3T3 cells treated with chemotherapy drugs. We have investigated how bFGF modulates apoptosis induced by cisplatin in NIH 3T3 cells. Treatment with 10 microgram/ml cisplatin for 12 h induced apoptosis in 2 to 13% of the cells at 24 h post-treatment. Preincubation with 10 ng/ml bFGF for 24 h led to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in 20% to 50% of the cells. Preincubation with lower concentrations of bFGF (0.1-1 ng/ml) or simultaneous addition of bFGF and cisplatin had no effect on the amount of apoptosis. Pretreatment with bFGF also significantly decreased the dose-dependent survival of NIH 3T3 cells exposed to cisplatin, as determined by colony formation. Cells treated with 10 ng/ml bFGF showed a distinct morphology, appearing smaller and more refractile, before cisplatin exposure. The enhancement of cisplatin-induced apoptosis and the morphology shift demonstrated the same dose response to bFGF, and both effects were reversible if bFGF was removed from the medium for 24 h before cisplatin treatment. Mitogenic response to bFGF by NIH 3T3 cells saturated at 0.5 ng/ml, as measured by (3)H-thymidine uptake, and this response was blocked by coaddition of suramin, an inhibitor of FGF ligand-receptor interactions. Suramin did not reverse the enhancement of cisplatin-induced apoptosis by bFGF. Therefore, bFGF sensitized NIH 3T3 cells to cisplatin, and this effect might be mediated through a pathway separate from that used for mitogenic signaling.