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Related Experiment Videos

Context-dependent recognition memory: the ICE theory.

K Murnane1, M P Phelps, K Malmberg

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA. kmurnane@umd5.umd.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|January 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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The item, associated context, and ensemble (ICE) theory explains context-dependent memory. Matching context at retrieval increases hits and false alarms, while ensemble matching affects discrimination accuracy.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Context-dependent recognition memory is a complex phenomenon.
  • Existing theories struggle to fully explain variations in context effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the item, associated context, and ensemble (ICE) theory as a solution to context-dependent recognition memory.
  • To differentiate context effects based on encoding processes at learning and retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical framework development (ICE theory).
  • Analysis of context encoding during learning and retrieval.
  • Empirical validation of theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Matching associated context increases hit and false alarm rates without necessarily changing discrimination.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Integrating item and context into an ensemble, and matching this ensemble at retrieval, leads to context-dependent discrimination.

    • Conclusions:

    • The ICE theory provides a unified explanation for different context effects in recognition memory.
    • Encoding and retrieval processes critically determine the nature of context-dependent memory effects.