Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Toronto Facial Grading System: interobserver reliability.

F T Kayhan1, D Zurakowski, S D Rauch

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|February 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In vivo rAAV-mediated human TGF-β overexpression reduces perifocal osteoarthritis and improves osteochondral repair in a large animal model at one year.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage·2022
Same author

Postnatal circulation in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing fetal aortic valvuloplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2021
Same author

Fetal and Neonatal MRI Predictors of Aggressive Early Clinical Course in Vein of Galen Malformation.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2020
Same author

Biological and behavioral markers of pain following nerve injury in humans.

Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)·2020
Same author

Predictors of perioperative complications in paediatric cranial vault reconstruction surgery: a multicentre observational study from the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group.

British journal of anaesthesia·2019
Same author

Causal somatic mutations in urine DNA from persons with the CLOVES subgroup of the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum.

Clinical genetics·2017
Same journal

Gender-Affirming Care in Otolaryngology: A State of the Art Review.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Caffeine Consumption and Rhinologic Symptom Severity.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Preoperative Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Recurrence in HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer After Transoral Robotic Surgery.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

PEAK-II Trach: A Multi-Institutional Quality Improvement/Simulation Study Assessing Pediatric Emergency Readiness.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcomes for Oropharyngeal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same journal

Extended Reality in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
See all related articles

The Toronto Facial Grading System (TFGS) demonstrates substantial to near-perfect interobserver reliability for assessing facial nerve dysfunction. This comprehensive scale offers superior sensitivity and ease of use for accurate facial function documentation.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Facial nerve dysfunction assessment requires reliable and sensitive measurement tools.
  • Existing scales may lack comprehensiveness or proven interobserver reliability.
  • The Toronto Facial Grading System (TFGS) was developed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the interobserver reliability of the Toronto Facial Grading System (TFGS).
  • To assess the reliability of TFGS subscores, total scores, and composite scores.
  • To compare the TFGS with other available scales for facial function assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five patients with varying facial nerve dysfunction were recruited.
  • Facial function was videotaped and scored by five independent observers using the TFGS.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (kappa) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

    • Main Results:

    • Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.59 to 0.85.
    • These coefficients indicate substantial to near-perfect agreement among observers.
    • The TFGS demonstrated high reliability across all measured components.

    Conclusions:

    • The TFGS exhibits excellent interobserver reliability for grading facial nerve dysfunction.
    • Its sensitivity, comprehensiveness, and ease of use make it a superior assessment tool.
    • The TFGS is recommended for precise and accurate documentation of facial function.