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Augmentation mammaplasty in male-to-female transsexuals
R C Kanhai1, J J Hage, H Asscheman
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Academisch Ziekenhuis Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|February 2, 2000
Summary
Augmentation mammaplasty significantly enhances femininity in male-to-female transsexuals. Surgeons must consider anatomical differences and ensure long-term follow-up for optimal outcomes in breast augmentation patients.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Gender Affirming Care
Background:
- Male-to-female (MtF) transsexuals often seek surgical interventions for gender affirmation.
- While penectomy and vaginoplasty are primary requests, breast enlargement is crucial for subjective femininity.
- Limited data exists on augmentation mammaplasty (AM) in MtF individuals, with minimal focus on anatomical differences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anatomical and surgical considerations for augmentation mammaplasty in male-to-female transsexuals.
- To discuss the feminization of the male chest and long-term outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 201 male-to-female transsexual patients undergoing augmentation mammaplasty between 1979 and 1997.
- Analysis of anatomical differences, hormonal therapy effects, surgical timing, implant selection, and surgical approaches.
Main Results:
- Discusses feminization of the male chest, considering anatomical disparities.
- Evaluates the impact of hormonal therapy and optimal surgical timing.
- Examines implant size, surgical approach, and expected outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Augmentation mammaplasty is a key procedure for enhancing femininity in male-to-female transsexuals.
- Surgeons must address male-female chest anatomy differences and ensure proper patient selection and follow-up.
- Mammaplasty surgeons have a responsibility for the long-term follow-up of augmented breasts, including screening for pathology.