Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments
11:10

Conducting Miller-Urey Experiments

Published on: January 21, 2014

Primordial Lithium and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.

Ryan, Beers, Olive

    The Astrophysical Journal
    |February 3, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary

    The primordial abundance of lithium (Li) is precisely determined by analyzing metal-poor stars. This research refines Big Bang Nucleosynthesis models by accounting for galactic chemical evolution and nuclear uncertainties.

    More Related Videos

    In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries11:25

    In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

    Published on: November 10, 2014

    Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh10:42

    Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

    Published on: May 3, 2019

    Related Concept Videos

    Conditions on Early Earth02:06

    Conditions on Early Earth

    Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.
    Nuclear Stability03:18

    Nuclear Stability

    Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
    To hold positively charged protons together in the...
    Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

    Nuclear Binding Energy

    The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound together;...
    Nuclear Fusion02:45

    Nuclear Fusion

    The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
    A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
    Nuclear Transmutation03:20

    Nuclear Transmutation

    Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
    Conditions on Early Earth02:06

    Conditions on Early Earth

    Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.