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Biological control and invading freshwater snails. A case study.

J P Pointier1, D Augustin

  • 1Laboratoire de biologie marine et malacologie, UMR 5555 du CNRS, Ecole pratique des hautes études, Perpignan, France. pointier@univ-perp.fr

Comptes Rendus De L'Academie Des Sciences. Serie III, Sciences De La Vie
|February 3, 2000
PubMed
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Decline of a sylvatic focus of Schistosoma mansoni in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) following the competitive displacement of the snail host Biomphalaria glabrata by Ampullaria glauca.

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Introduced freshwater snails, Melanoides tuberculata and Marisa cornuarietis, displaced native species in Guadeloupe. These snails were used for biological control of Biomphalaria glabrata, the host of schistosomiasis.

Area of Science:

  • Malacology
  • Invasive Species Ecology
  • Biological Control

Background:

  • Four freshwater snail species were introduced to Guadeloupe between 1972 and 1996.
  • Two introduced species, Melanoides tuberculata and Marisa cornuarietis, were utilized for biological control.
  • Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of intestinal schistosomiasis, was a target for control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of introduced snail species on native malacofauna.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of biological control agents against Biomphalaria glabrata.
  • To compare malacological surveys from 1972 and 1996 in Guadeloupe.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative survey of 134 sites in Guadeloupe conducted in 1972 and 1996.
  • Identification and enumeration of mollusc species at each surveyed site.

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  • Analysis of changes in species distribution and abundance.

    • Main Results:

    • The total number of mollusc species increased from 19 to 21 between 1972 and 1996.
    • Significant declines in the number of sites housing Biomphalaria glabrata and two other native species were observed.
    • Introduced species M. tuberculata and M. cornuarietis showed a strong correlation with the decline of native species, suggesting competitive displacement.

    Conclusions:

    • Introduced snail species, particularly M. tuberculata and M. cornuarietis, have significantly impacted native snail populations in Guadeloupe.
    • These invasive species have successfully displaced native species, including the primary host for schistosomiasis.
    • Biological control programs using invasive snails may lead to unintended ecological consequences on native malacofauna.