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Diphtheria in Lithuania, 1986-1996
V Usonis1, V Bakasenas, B Morkunas
1Center of Pediatrics, Vilnius University, LT 2009 Vilnius, Lithuania (Lietuva). usonis@ktl.mii.lt
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|February 5, 2000
Summary
Diphtheria reemerged in Lithuania, causing an epidemic primarily among unvaccinated adults aged 40-49. Mass vaccination campaigns in 1996 significantly reduced case numbers, highlighting the importance of adult immunization.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Diphtheria reemerged in Lithuania in 1986, escalating to epidemic levels by 1992.
- The epidemic primarily affected unvaccinated adults, with the 40-49 age group exhibiting the highest morbidity and mortality rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the epidemiology of the diphtheria epidemic in Lithuania between 1991 and 1996.
- To identify contributing factors and evaluate the impact of vaccination campaigns.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of registered diphtheria cases and deaths.
- Isolation and characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains.
- Evaluation of mass vaccination campaign coverage and impact.
Main Results:
- 110 diphtheria cases and 17 deaths were registered between 1991-1996, predominantly in unvaccinated individuals over 15 years old.
- The 40-49 age group showed the highest age-specific morbidity (1.70/100,000) and mortality (0.53/100,000).
- Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains were identified in 76% of cases.
Conclusions:
- Low adult immunity and migration contributed to the diphtheria epidemic.
- Mass vaccination campaigns targeting adults aged 25-60 were effective in reducing disease incidence.
- Sustained adult vaccination programs are crucial for diphtheria prevention.