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Diphtheria in Estonia, 1991-1996
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|February 5, 2000
Summary
Clinical diphtheria resurged in Estonia, prompting mass adult vaccination campaigns. High pediatric vaccination coverage was maintained, demonstrating the critical role of ongoing preventive measures in controlling diphtheria outbreaks.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Clinical diphtheria re-emerged in Estonia in 1991, leading to 61 cases and 5 deaths by 1996.
- Affected age groups included children aged 5-9 years and adults aged 40-49 years.
- Previous vaccination efforts utilized donated vaccine supplies from Finland between 1993-1995.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the diphtheria epidemic in Estonia following its reappearance.
- To evaluate the impact of mass vaccination campaigns on diphtheria control.
- To emphasize the importance of sustained preventive measures.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of reported diphtheria cases and deaths between 1991 and 1997.
- Monitoring of vaccination coverage in both adult and pediatric populations.
- Assessment of vaccination campaign strategies and their reach.
Main Results:
- A total of 61 clinical diphtheria cases and 5 deaths were recorded from 1991 to 1996.
- Mass vaccination campaigns targeting adults were initiated in 1995, with an estimated 46% coverage by end of 1997.
- Pediatric vaccination coverage remained high due to routine programs, despite campaigns not targeting children.
Conclusions:
- The diphtheria epidemic highlighted the necessity of maintaining preventive measures.
- Mass vaccination campaigns, particularly targeting adults, are crucial for controlling outbreaks.
- Sustained routine vaccination programs are vital for protecting pediatric populations.