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Related Concept Videos

Relative Frequency Histogram01:14

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...
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A time-series graph is a line graph with repeated measurements taken at successive intervals of time. It is also called a time series chart. To construct a time-series graph, one must look at both pieces of a paired data set. The horizontal axis is used to plot the time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that one is measuring. By using the axes in this way, each point on the graph will correspond to time and a measured quantity. The points on the graph...
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Run charts, essentially line graphs plotted over time, serve as fundamental yet effective tools for process analysis. They chronicle data sequentially, facilitating the identification of trends, shifts, or cyclical movements. This graphical representation is instrumental in determining whether a process is stable or exhibits signs of potential instability indicative of special cause variation. In the healthcare domain, run charts depict infection rates over time, enabling hospitals to monitor...
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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
07:14

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Published on: May 1, 2018

Temporal trends in deep ocean Redfield ratios.

M Pahlow1, U Riebesell

  • 1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Post Office Box 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. mpahlow@awi-bremerhaven.de

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 5, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine carbon cycling is changing. Deep ocean particle flux ratios (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) show temporal trends, indicating the biological carbon pump is not in steady state.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biogeochemistry
  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • The Redfield ratio (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) is crucial for marine biogeochemical cycling and carbon sequestration.
  • This ratio is typically assumed constant in the modern ocean, but recent data suggest otherwise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temporal trends in deep-water Redfield ratios in the Northern Hemisphere over the past five decades.
  • To understand the implications of these trends for marine carbon cycling and sequestration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of deep-water particle flux data from the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans.
  • Correlation of Redfield ratio changes with potential drivers like atmospheric deposition and oceanographic conditions.

Main Results:

  • The North Atlantic shows a rising nitrogen:phosphorus ratio, potentially linked to anthropogenic nitrous oxide emissions.
  • The North Pacific exhibits increasing carbon:nitrogen and carbon:phosphorus ratios, associated with rising remineralization rates and intensified export production.
  • Enhanced bioavailability of aeolian iron may be driving increased carbon export in the North Pacific.

Conclusions:

  • Deep-water Redfield ratios in the Northern Hemisphere are not constant and show significant temporal trends.
  • These changes suggest that the biological carbon pump is currently not in a steady state.
  • The findings have implications for understanding oceanic carbon sequestration and its response to anthropogenic influences.