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Changes in left ventricular dynamics during graded exercise.

A Hiraga¹, S Hobo, E K Birks

¹Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.

Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement

|February 5, 2000

Summary

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Sonomicrometry revealed that horses' stroke volume increases with exercise intensity, unlike Fick principle measurements. This aligns with the Frank-Starling mechanism, showing greater left ventricular volume at maximal oxygen consumption.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Equine Exercise Physiology

Background:

Accurate measurement of cardiac output during exercise is crucial for understanding equine athletic performance.
Traditional methods like the Fick principle may not fully capture dynamic changes in cardiac function during intense exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare stroke volume measurements between sonomicrometry and the Fick principle in exercising Thoroughbred horses.
To investigate the influence of varying exercise intensities on left ventricular dimensions and function.

Main Methods:

Surgically implanted ultrasonic sonomicrometer crystals on the pericardium of three Thoroughbred horses.
Recorded left ventricular dimensions and calculated volumes using cubic algorithms.
Simultaneously measured stroke volume using the Fick principle at rest and various exercise intensities (up to 100% VO2max).

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Main Results:

Sonomicrometry indicated significantly lower stroke volume at rest and higher stroke volume at maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) compared to Fick estimates.
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased with exercise intensity, while end-systolic volume remained unchanged.
Stroke volume variability was highest across all exercise intensities, while end-diastolic volume showed the least variability.

Conclusions:

Sonomicrometry provides a more sensitive measure of dynamic stroke volume changes in horses during exercise.
The observed increase in stroke volume with exercise intensity supports the Frank-Starling mechanism.
High exercise intensities lead to increased left ventricular size and myocardial wall stress in Thoroughbred horses.