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Dissociating automatic and intentional processes in children's eyewitness memory.

R E Holliday1, B K Hayes

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. holliday@psychology.newcastle.edu.au

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|February 8, 2000
PubMed
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Children

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Children are susceptible to misinformation.
  • Understanding memory processes is key to explaining misinformation acceptance.
  • Distinguishing between automatic and intentional memory is crucial for developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how automatic and intentional memory processes affect misinformation acceptance in children aged 5 and 8.
  • To examine the influence of different types of postevent information (read vs. self-generated) on memory accuracy.
  • To explore how instructional conditions (inclusion vs. exclusion) impact children's susceptibility to misinformation.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with 5- and 8-year-old children.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Children viewed a picture story, then received misleading postevent details (read or self-generated).
  • Recognition tests were administered under inclusion and exclusion instructions, assessing memory for original and misleading information.

    • Main Results:

    • Children were more likely to accept self-generated misinformation than read misinformation under inclusion instructions.
    • The opposite pattern emerged under exclusion instructions, with read misinformation being more readily accepted.
    • Both automatic memory processes and recollection influenced misinformation acceptance, with automaticity's role decreasing with age.

    Conclusions:

    • Both automatic and intentional memory systems contribute to children's acceptance of misinformation.
    • The way postevent information is processed (read vs. self-generated) and how memory is tested (inclusion vs. exclusion) significantly alters misinformation acceptance.
    • Developmental changes in automatic memory processes play a role in reducing susceptibility to misinformation in older children.