Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2026

07:57
Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
Published on: July 25, 2014
Multicomponent error model for mass measurement based size fractionating aerosol samplers.
1Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, USA.
Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
|February 8, 2000
Summary
Experimental errors in aerosol size distribution measurements can be complex. A new error model accounts for various error types, improving accuracy for aerosol concentration and size distribution determination.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Mass-based aerosol sampling devices like impactors are prone to experimental errors affecting size distribution.
- These errors can be additive, multiplicative, or power-function based, often combining non-linearly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a comprehensive error theory for aerosol sampling devices.
- To estimate error bounds for measured aerosol size distributions and concentrations.
Main Methods:
- Extension of the Rocke and Lorenzato model for measurement errors.
- Inclusion of generalized parameters for empirical transformations and non-linear factors like bounce and entry losses.
Main Results:
- A theoretical multi-compartment error model was developed.
- Numerical examples demonstrated the feasibility of estimating error bounds for impactor measurements.
Conclusions:
- A complete error theory must integrate diverse functional relationships.
- Heuristic reductions can simplify complex error estimation processes for aerosol sampling data.
Related Concept Videos
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error
The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
Mass Analyzers: Overview
The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Contaminants and Errors
Effective sample preparation is crucial for accurate and reliable laboratory analysis. During this process, two significant sources of error can arise: concentration bias from improper sample splitting and contamination caused by methods used to reduce particle size, such as grinding or homogenization. Identifying and minimizing these potential errors is crucial to ensuring the validity of the analysis.
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...

