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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
Setting Time of Cement01:12

Setting Time of Cement

The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create ettringite,...
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...

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Using Baseplating and a Miniscope Preanchored with an Objective Lens for Calcium Transient Research in Mice
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Linear dimensional changes during setting of two polycarboxylate cements.

G Oilo

    Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated dimensional changes in two polycarboxylate cements, Durelon and Poly-C. Results show cement contraction depends on powder/liquid ratio and humidity, with Durelon exhibiting higher contraction under dry conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Dental Materials Science
    • Polymer Chemistry
    • Biomaterials Engineering

    Background:

    • Polycarboxylate cements are widely used in dentistry.
    • Understanding their dimensional stability is crucial for clinical success.
    • Previous research has not fully elucidated the factors influencing their setting behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the linear dimensional changes of two polycarboxylate cements: Durelon and Poly-C.
    • To determine the influence of powder/liquid ratio and environmental humidity on cement contraction.
    • To compare the dimensional stability of these cements with zinc phosphate cement.

    Main Methods:

    • Specimens of Durelon and Poly-C were prepared using specified powder/liquid ratios and liquids.
    • Dimensional changes were measured on a mercury bath starting 3 minutes after mixing.

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  • Setting occurred at 37°C under varying environmental humidity conditions (dry and wet).

    • Main Results:

    • Durelon's dimensional changes were influenced by powder/liquid ratio and humidity. High P/L under dry conditions resulted in up to 4.60% contraction after 14 days.
    • Poly-C's contraction was humidity-dependent, showing up to 5.50% under dry conditions and 0.60% under wet conditions after 14 and 1 day, respectively.
    • Both cements exhibited earlier and more pronounced contraction compared to zinc phosphate cement.

    Conclusions:

    • Polycarboxylate cement contraction is significantly affected by powder/liquid ratio and environmental humidity.
    • Durelon and Poly-C demonstrate varying degrees of dimensional instability, particularly under dry conditions.
    • The observed contraction patterns suggest potential clinical implications for marginal integrity and restoration fit.