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Teaching a long sequence of behavior using whole task training, forward chaining, and backward chaining.

G J Smith1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013-2896, USA.

Perceptual and Motor Skills
|February 9, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Comparing teaching methods, whole task training led to more errors than forward or backward chaining for complex behavioral sequences. Backward chaining was most effective for errors at the sequence end.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Skill Acquisition

Background:

  • Effective teaching strategies are crucial for complex skill acquisition.
  • Behavioral chaining methods (forward, backward) and whole task training are common instructional techniques.
  • Understanding error patterns associated with different training methods is important for optimizing learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of whole task training, forward chaining, and backward chaining in teaching complex behavioral sequences.
  • To analyze the location and frequency of errors produced by each training method.
  • To investigate the influence of task difficulty progression on training method effectiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with college students learning 120-step behavioral sequences.

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  • Experiment 1 used a sequence with increasing and then decreasing difficulty.
  • Experiment 2 used a sequence with uniformly difficult segments.

    • Main Results:

    • Whole task training produced more errors than chaining methods in both experiments.
    • Forward chaining and whole task training minimized errors at the sequence's beginning.
    • Backward chaining minimized errors at the sequence's end.

    Conclusions:

    • Chaining methods, particularly forward chaining, may be more effective than whole task training for complex sequences.
    • The optimal chaining strategy might depend on the specific sequence characteristics and desired error reduction.
    • Error location analysis provides insights into the cognitive processes underlying different instructional approaches.