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Related Experiment Videos

Seronegative HIV-2 carriers in India.

S Kageyama1, J K Maniar, M Iwasaki

  • 1Department of Virology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.

International Journal of STD & AIDS
|February 10, 2000
PubMed
Summary

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Seronegative individuals in Mumbai were found to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2). Despite negative antibody tests, HIV-2 RNA and DNA were detected, suggesting low viral replication causes undetectable antibody levels.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Discordant cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection, where individuals test seronegative despite evidence of infection, have been identified.
  • Understanding the mechanisms behind seronegativity in HIV-2 carriers is crucial for accurate diagnosis and disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of seronegative HIV-2 cases identified in Mumbai, India.
  • To determine the viral load and antibody response in these discordant cases.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of HIV-2 RNA and DNA from patient samples.
  • HIV-2 cDNA sequence determination.
  • Antigen detection assays.
  • Antibody reactivity testing against the isolated HIV-2 strain.
Keywords:
AntibodiesAntigensAsiaBiologyClinical ResearchDeveloping CountriesDiseasesExaminations And DiagnosesHiv InfectionsHiv SerodiagnosisImmunityImmunologic FactorsIndiaLaboratory Examinations And DiagnosesPhysiologyResearch MethodologyResearch ReportSouthern AsiaViral Diseases

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Main Results:

  • HIV-2 was successfully isolated from culture medium, with detectable HIV-2 RNA and proviral DNA.
  • Sequencing revealed no significant alterations in the isolated HIV-2 genomic RNA that would affect antibody binding.
  • Antibodies from the same individuals did not react with the isolated HIV-2 strain's antigen, even after 8 months.

Conclusions:

  • Extremely low or absent antibody production in these HIV-2 carriers may result from suboptimal immune stimulation due to very slow viral replication.
  • A low HIV-2 viral load is likely responsible for the negative antibody test results in these identified carriers.