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Related Experiment Videos

Prostaglandin D synthase: structure and function.

Y Urade1, O Hayaishi

  • 1Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Osaka, Japan.

Vitamins and Hormones
|February 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Biochemical, structural, genetic, physiological, and pathophysiological features of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase.

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Cellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) in the central nervous system of the adult rat.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2000

Researchers identified two types of Prostaglandin (PG) D synthase: lipocalin-type and hematopoietic. These enzymes produce PGD2, influencing sleep, pain, and allergic responses, with distinct tissue distributions and functions.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Prostaglandin (PG) D synthase is crucial for PGD2 synthesis, a molecule involved in sleep, nociception, platelet aggregation, and allergic reactions.
  • PGD2 serves as a precursor for other prostanoids, including the J series (PGJ2, delta 12-PGJ2, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-PGJ2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To purify and characterize two distinct types of PGD synthase: lipocalin-type and hematopoietic.
  • To determine the tissue distribution and cellular localization of these enzymes across various species.
  • To elucidate the structural and functional properties of both PGD synthase types.

Main Methods:

  • Purification of two distinct PGD synthase types.
  • Isolation of cDNA and gene sequences for each enzyme.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tissue distribution profiling and cellular localization studies in multiple animal species.
  • Identification of the human lipocalin-type PGD synthase as beta-trace.
  • X-ray crystallographic analyses and generation of gene-knockout and transgenic mice.

    • Main Results:

    • Two distinct PGD synthases were purified: lipocalin-type and hematopoietic.
    • Lipocalin-type PGD synthase is found in the central nervous system, male reproductive organs, and heart, and is secreted into various bodily fluids.
    • The human lipocalin-type PGD synthase, beta-trace, exhibits dual functionality, producing PGD2 and binding lipophilic ligands like retinoids and bile pigments.
    • Hematopoietic PGD synthase is widespread in peripheral tissues, particularly in immune cells (antigen-presenting cells, mast cells) and megakaryocytes.
    • Hematopoietic PGD synthase is identified as a vertebrate homolog of the sigma class of glutathione S-transferase.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully characterized two PGD synthase isoforms with distinct biological roles and localizations.
    • Lipocalin-type PGD synthase (beta-trace) is a secreted, dual-function enzyme with implications in the CNS and cardiovascular system.
    • Hematopoietic PGD synthase plays a significant role in peripheral tissues, particularly in immune responses.
    • Further research using structural and genetic models will advance understanding of PGD synthase functions.