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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of R- and S-gallopamil during multiple dosing
A S Gross1, M Eichelbaum, K Mörike
1Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Auerbachstrasse 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
Aims:
Using a stable isotope technique we investigated the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gallopamil after administration of 50 mg pseudoracemic gallopamil every 12 h for 7 doses (72 h).
Methods:
Six male healthy volunteers were studied. After the seventh dose the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed. Serum levels of gallopamil were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Effects of gallopamil were measured by ECG recording.
Results:
The apparent oral clearances (R: 4.8 l min-1 (95% CI: 2.9-6.8); S: 5.5 l min-1 (95% CI: 2.5-8.5)) and half-lives (R: 6.2 h; S: 7.2 h) of R- and S-gallopamil were similar (P >0.05). The serum protein binding (fu R: 0.035 (95% CI: 0.026-0. 045); S: 0.051 (95% CI: 0.033-0.069)) and the renal elimination (% of dose R: 0.49%; S: 0.71%) were enantioselective. Gallopamil had a potent effect on the PR interval (% prolongation 35.7% (95% CI: 14. 0-57.3)). No changes in other electrocardiographic or cardiovascular parameters were observed.
Conclusions:
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the racemic drug gallopamil are not stereoselective at steady-state and are therefore not substantially altered compared with the single dose administration of gallopamil.