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Meal pattern and risk factor evaluation in one-year completers of a weight reduction program for obese men - the
I Andersson1, M Lennernäs, S Rössner
1Obesity Unit, M73, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86 Huddinge; S-105 46 Stockholm, Sweden. Ingalena.Andersson@medhs.ki.se
Objectives:
To evaluate changes in meal patterns and in obesity related risk factors after 1 year of treatment in obese men.
Design:
Data from two 24-h dietary recalls, performed at base-line and after 1 year of treatment, were related to changes in medical risk factors.
Setting:
Academic obesity unit.
Subjects:
Sixty-three men, aged 44 (eight) years (mean [SD]) and Base-line Body Mass Index (BMI) 37.4 (4.6) kg m-2, who had completed 1 year of treatment. The men were subdivided by tertiles according to weight change: tertile I (n = 21), mean +0.3 kg, tertile II (n = 21), mean -5.8 kg and tertile III (n = 21), mean -14.2 kg.
Main Outcome Measures:
Weight loss, changes in meal patterns and in obesity related medical risk factors.
Results:
The reported mean energy intake decreased after treatment in tertiles II and III by 700 (1300) kcal (P < 0.05) and 700 (900) kcal (P = 0.001), respectively. In tertile III the energy-% from fat decreased (P < 0.05) with a reciprocal increase in energy-% from protein (P < 0.05). The frequency of snacks of a low nutritional quality decreased (P < 0.01) in tertile III together with an increase in energy-% from 'hot meals of good quality' (P < 0.05). Obesity related risk factors (anthropometry, blood pressure, serum lipid concentrations, blood glucose and plasma insulin) improved in a beneficial way only in tertile III.
Conclusions:
The weight loss in the successful tertile III men was to a great extent explained by fewer low quality snacks but more energy from high quality meals. These changes reflected the behaviour modification strategy recommended.