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Delayed type hypersensitivity: current theories with an historic perspective.

¹Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Magee-Womens Research Institute Pittsburgh, USA.

Dermatology Online Journal

|February 16, 2000

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Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is a cell-mediated immune response dependent on memory T cells. Contemporary research debates the roles of Th1 and Th2 cells in DTH reactions, challenging earlier theories.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular immunology

Background:

Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, discovered in 1882, were initially debated regarding their immune mediation.
Landsteiner and Chase confirmed DTH is cell-mediated, not humoral, in the 1940s.

Observation:

DTH skin tests involve injecting antigens, eliciting induration, swelling, and monocytic infiltration within 24-72 hours.
The reaction is critically dependent on memory T cells, with both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets modulating the response.

Findings:

The role of Th1 and Th2 cells in DTH is a contemporary focus of debate.
Initially, Th1 cells were considered inducers (via IFN-γ) and Th2 cells downregulators.
Emerging evidence suggests Th2 cells may also participate in certain inflammatory cell-mediated immune responses.

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Implications:

Understanding DTH mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing past antigen exposure.
Clarifying T-cell subset roles in DTH can inform therapeutic strategies for immune-mediated diseases.
This review synthesizes evidence on DTH variations and T-cell involvement in cell-mediated immunity.