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Melioidosis as an emerging global problem.

D A Dance1

  • 1Public Health Laboratory, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK. david.dance@phnt.swest.nhs.uk

Acta Tropica
|February 16, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is underdiagnosed globally. Increased global travel may facilitate its spread to new regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Melioidosis incidence is poorly understood outside Southeast Asia and Australia.
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis.
  • Diagnosis requires clinical awareness and specialized laboratory capabilities, often lacking in rural tropical areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limited knowledge of melioidosis epidemiology globally.
  • To discuss the challenges in diagnosing melioidosis in resource-limited settings.
  • To explore the potential for melioidosis spread due to increased global travel.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on melioidosis incidence and distribution.
  • Analysis of diagnostic limitations in resource-limited settings.
  • Assessment of factors influencing disease spread, such as international travel.

Main Results:

  • Melioidosis is presumed widespread in tropical Southeast Asia but underreported.
  • Evidence suggests endemicity in the Indian subcontinent and Caribbean.
  • Unconfirmed reports indicate potential presence in South Africa and the Middle East.
  • Most temperate climate cases are imported, with a notable exception of a French outbreak.
  • Increased global travel poses a risk for geographic expansion of melioidosis.

Conclusions:

  • Melioidosis is likely a significant global health issue, particularly in tropical regions.
  • Underdiagnosis is a major challenge due to diagnostic limitations.
  • Global travel increases the risk of melioidosis emergence in non-endemic areas.

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