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Reflections on oncology in central and eastern Europe
1National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary. eckhardt@oncol.hu
Summary
Cancer mortality has surged in Central and Eastern Europe, with Hungary experiencing the highest rates globally for men and third highest for women. Addressing this requires analyzing risk factors and implementing national control programs.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cancer mortality rates have significantly increased in Central and Eastern European countries over the past two decades.
- Hungary exhibited the highest age-adjusted cancer death rate among men globally (265.0/100,000) and the third highest among women (138.0/100,000) between 1992-1995.
- This rise is attributed to environmental carcinogens, lifestyle factors (tobacco, alcohol), and deficiencies in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the contributing factors to elevated cancer mortality in Hungary and Central/Eastern Europe.
- To outline strategies for mitigating cancer incidence and mortality through comprehensive control programs.
- To identify key areas for intervention, including risk factor analysis and healthcare system improvements.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of epidemiological data on cancer mortality rates in Hungary and comparison with 46 countries worldwide.
- Review of potential etiological factors, including environmental exposures and lifestyle choices.
- Examination of healthcare system performance related to cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
Main Results:
- Hungary recorded the highest cancer death rates for males and third highest for females among the studied countries during 1992-1995.
- Identified key contributing factors: increased environmental carcinogenic risks, adverse lifestyle changes (high tobacco and alcohol consumption), delayed diagnosis, inadequate patient management, and resource limitations.
- A multi-faceted approach is necessary, encompassing risk factor assessment, public education, screening programs, and healthcare service reorganization.
Conclusions:
- Urgent and comprehensive strategies are required to combat rising cancer mortality in Hungary and the region.
- The establishment of a National Cancer Control Program is crucial for coordinating efforts in prevention, early detection, and treatment.
- Addressing both exogenous risk factors and improving healthcare infrastructure are essential for reducing cancer burden.