[The nosocomial infection in ICU: characteristics and prevention]

In 84 consecutive patients who were treated in ICU, 35 had microbiological 5 data. 117 strains (bacteria: 77; fungus: 40) were isolated from 24 of the 35 patients for 97 times. The positive rate was 68.6%, or 28.6% of 84 patients. The gram-negative bacilli were still the main source of nosocomial infection in ICU, especially the pseudomonas aeruginosa, clostridium welchii, and E. coli, but gram-positive cocci, especially MRSA infection were also increased. Mycotic infection increased very rapidly. 12 of the 24 patients were found a complicated mycotic infection. Six of the 12 (50%) died. Candida tropicalis and candida guilliermondi replaced candida albicans as the main pathogenic fungus. Sputum is still the most important specimen source of positive culture, followed by wound drainage, blood, urine, central venous catheter as well as feces. It is indicated that the respiratory system is still the main focus of nosocomial infection, and mycotic infection is most dangerous in ICU. Regular monitoring of microbial flora changes, detection correct use of antibiotics by drug sensitivity test, adequate surgical drainage, early and prevention of mycotic infection as well as improvement of ICU design will prevent or minimize the nosocomial infection in ICU.