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Human complement regulators: a major target for pathogenic microorganisms.

G Lindahl¹, U Sjöbring, E Johnsson

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden. gunnar.lindahl@mig.lu.se

Current Opinion in Immunology

|February 19, 2000

Summary

Pathogens interact with complement regulators, proteins controlling the human complement system. Understanding this interplay offers insights into innate immunity and xenotransplantation strategies.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Virology

Background:

The human complement system's C3 convertases are regulated by fluid-phase and membrane proteins of the Regulators of Complement Activation (RCA) family.
Pathogenic microorganisms frequently interact with these complement regulators, suggesting a role in host-pathogen dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding the interactions between pathogens and RCA proteins.
To highlight the implications of these interactions for innate immunity and xenotransplantation.

Main Methods:

Determination of the crystal structure of measles virus receptor CD46 binding domains.
Development of a CD46 transgenic mouse model sensitive to measles virus.

Main Results:

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Structural insights into CD46 interactions with pathogens.
Identification of a mouse model for studying measles virus pathogenesis.
Evidence suggests pathogenic bacteria utilize fluid-phase RCA proteins to evade complement-mediated attack.

Conclusions:

Pathogen interactions with RCA proteins are crucial for understanding innate immune evasion strategies.
These findings provide novel insights into host-pathogen interactions.
Implications for xenotransplantation using animals expressing RCA proteins warrant further investigation.