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Diagnosis and management of urinary retention
1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|February 19, 2000
Abstract:
Failure to empty the urinary bladder completely can be attributed to failure of detrusor contractile function, inappropriate outlet resistance, or both. For each of these mechanisms, anatomic, neurogenic, and end-organ (myogenic or idiopathic) abnormalities are possible. The approach to urinary retention involves systematic consideration of neurogenic, obstructive, and functional causes and requires understanding of the neurophysiology and pharmacology of micturation.