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Antiviral agents for treating influenza
J K Long1, S B Mossad, M P Goldman
1Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic, USA.
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|February 19, 2000
Summary
New neuraminidase inhibitors like zanamivir and oseltamivir treat both influenza A and B. Effective treatment requires early diagnosis and consideration of patient-specific factors for optimal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Influenza A and B viruses cause significant seasonal illness.
- Amantadine and rimantadine are older antivirals effective only against influenza A.
- Neuraminidase inhibitors represent a new class of antivirals with broader activity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of new neuraminidase inhibitors in influenza treatment.
- To compare neuraminidase inhibitors with older antiviral agents.
- To outline considerations for selecting appropriate antiviral therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current antiviral agents for influenza.
- Comparative analysis of efficacy, safety, and administration of influenza drugs.
- Discussion of treatment guidelines and patient selection criteria.
Main Results:
- Zanamivir and oseltamivir are active against both influenza A and B.
- Amantadine and rimantadine are limited to influenza A treatment.
- Optimal efficacy for all agents requires initiation within 24-48 hours of symptom onset.
Conclusions:
- Neuraminidase inhibitors offer a significant advancement in influenza treatment options.
- Treatment decisions should integrate patient age, drug profile, and cost-effectiveness.
- Confirmation of influenza diagnosis is crucial to prevent inappropriate use; these drugs do not prevent complications like pneumonia.