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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Published on: May 27, 2018
Temperature mapping using the water proton chemical shift: self-referenced method with echo-planar spectroscopic
K Kuroda1, R V Mulkern, K Oshio
1Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan. kagayaki@ridt.u-tokai.ac.jp
Abstract:
An echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method of temperature mapping is proposed. This method is sufficiently faster than the so-called 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D-MRSI) method and does not require image subtractions, unlike the conventional phase mapping method when an internal reference signal is detectable. The water proton chemical shift measured by using the tissue lipid as an internal reference clearly visualized the temperature change in a porcine liver sample in vitro. It was also demonstrated that the internally referenced echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method could markedly reduce a temperature error caused by a simple, translational motion between scans compared with the phase-mapping method.
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