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Allergen and irritant control: importance and implementation.

H S Nelson1

  • 1Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Clinical Cornerstone
|February 22, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Identifying and reducing exposure to asthma triggers like allergens, irritants, and infections is crucial for effective long-term asthma management and preventing exacerbations.

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Asthma management guidelines emphasize controlling factors that worsen symptoms and precipitate exacerbations.
  • Allergies to indoor allergens and fungal spores are identified risk factors for asthma globally.
  • Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and indoor irritants increases asthma prevalence and severity, especially in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preventive and therapeutic measures for managing factors that aggravate or precipitate asthma.
  • To highlight the impact of environmental exposures and co-existing conditions on asthma control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and expert panel guidelines on asthma triggers and management.
  • Analysis of epidemiological studies linking environmental factors to asthma prevalence and severity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of the role of co-existing conditions like rhinitis, sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux in asthma.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant percentage of asthma patients (70-85%) show positive skin-prick tests to allergens.
    • Exposure to inhalant allergens, environmental tobacco smoke, and air pollution exacerbates asthma symptoms and increases hospitalizations.
    • Co-existing conditions such as rhinitis/sinusitis and gastroesophageal reflux can be treated to improve asthma control.
    • Sensitivity to aspirin, NSAIDs, and sulfites can trigger severe asthma attacks.
    • Viral infections, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae, are common causes of asthma exacerbations.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective asthma management requires identifying and mitigating exposures to allergens, irritants, and other precipitating factors.
    • Addressing environmental triggers, co-existing medical conditions, and infections is essential for reducing asthma morbidity and mortality.
    • Preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting these factors are vital for successful long-term asthma control.