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Related Experiment Videos

Escape from a disabled submarine: decompression sickness risk estimation.

E C Parker1, R Ball, P M Tibbles

  • 1Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|February 24, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Navy submarine escape carries decompression sickness (DCS) risks, particularly at greater depths and higher internal pressures. However, likely escape scenarios present risks comparable to routine diving.

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Area of Science:

  • Naval Medicine
  • Hyperbaric Physiology
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Individual crew escape from disabled U.S. Navy nuclear submarines is a critical, though historically unutilized, contingency.
  • Decompression sickness (DCS) is a primary health risk associated with submarine escape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the magnitude of DCS risk under various submarine escape scenarios using a mathematical model.
  • To evaluate the impact of different escape conditions on DCS incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A robust mathematical model of DCS incidence was employed.
  • The model was calibrated using data from over 3000 human pressure exposures.
  • A subset of exposures simulated submarine escape pressure profiles.

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Main Results:

  • At depths less than 300 fsw and internal pressures below 11 fsw, DCS risk is estimated to be less than 5%, similar to routine U.S. Navy diving.
  • Increased depths and higher internal submarine pressures significantly elevate DCS risk, with potential for permanent injury or death.

Conclusions:

  • The mathematical model provides valuable insights into DCS risks during submarine escape.
  • Likely escape scenarios pose manageable DCS risks, but extreme conditions necessitate extreme caution and procedural review.