Noncontact mapping of cardiac arrhythmias

The development of new mapping systems is beginning to overcome some of the limitations of conventional techniques by offering percutaneous deployment, simultaneous acquisitions of data, high-resolution maps, and correlation of anatomy and electrophysiology, in addition to a catheter location system. The noncontact mapping system continues to undergo development and does not completely address all requirements for an ideal mapping system. The limitations of the system include deterioration in the quality of electrogram reconstruction with increasing distance between the MEA and the endocardium, the inability of the noncontact system to identify subendocardial activation, and problems with distinguishing noise from low-amplitude diastolic electrograms.