Factors affecting the fermentative lactic acid production from renewable resources(1)

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Microbiology
• Biochemical Engineering

Background:

• Lactic acid (LA) is a valuable organic acid with diverse industrial applications.
• Efficient and cost-effective production of lactic acid is crucial for its widespread use.
• Fermentative production offers a sustainable route to lactic acid synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review and discuss key parameters influencing fermentative lactic acid production.
• To compare different fermentation strategies based on critical performance metrics.
• To analyze the impact of process variables on lactic acid concentration, yield, productivity, and isomer profiles.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lactic acid fermentation.
• Comparative analysis of reported data on lactic acid production.
• Discussion of factors including microbial strains, nutrient sources, fermentation modes, pH, and temperature.

Main Results:

• Microorganism selection, carbon and nitrogen sources, fermentation mode, pH, and temperature are critical determinants of LA production.
• LA production varies significantly based on these parameters, affecting concentration, yield, and productivity.
• By-product formation and the specific isomer (L- or D-lactic acid) produced are also influenced by fermentation conditions.

Conclusions:

• Optimizing fermentation parameters is essential for maximizing lactic acid yield and productivity.
• Understanding the interplay between process variables and LA isomer formation is key for targeted applications.
• Further research into tailored fermentation strategies can enhance the efficiency and sustainability of lactic acid production.