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Related Experiment Videos

Porcine circoviruses: a review.

G M Allan1, J A Ellis

  • 1Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, United Kingdom.

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|February 26, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is now recognized as a significant emerging pathogen in pigs, causing postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Diagnosis involves detecting PCV2 in affected tissues, with its epidemiology and immune response role still under investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Swine Pathology
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Porcine circoviruses (PCV) were previously considered nonpathogenic.
  • A novel PCV, PCV2, is now linked to significant swine diseases, primarily postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS).
  • PCV2 infection presents diverse clinical signs and pathological lesions in pigs worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association of PCV2 with swine diseases.
  • To describe the clinical and pathological features of PCV2-associated syndromes.
  • To highlight PCV2 as an emerging swine pathogen.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases and experimental studies linking PCV2 to disease.
  • Histopathological examination of affected tissues to identify PCV2 antigens or nucleic acid.

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  • Serological surveys indicating high global prevalence of PCV2 antibodies.

    • Main Results:

    • PCV2 is associated with PMWS, characterized by wasting, respiratory signs, and lymphadenopathy.
    • Lesions include interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis, nephritis, and enteritis.
    • Experimental reproduction of PMWS is possible, potentially requiring co-infections.

    Conclusions:

    • PCV2 is an important emerging swine pathogen causing significant disease.
    • Diagnosis relies on detecting PCV2 in affected tissues.
    • Further research is needed on PCV2 epidemiology and host immune responses.