Is the endometrium or oocyte/embryo affected in endometriosis?

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Gynecology
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Endometriosis is a complex condition often associated with infertility.
• The precise mechanisms linking endometriosis to reduced fertility remain unclear.
• Conflicting evidence exists regarding endometriosis's effects on the endometrium and oocyte/embryo quality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature on the mechanisms linking endometriosis to infertility.
• To analyze how endometriosis affects endometrial receptivity and oocyte/embryo quality.
• To explore molecular and cellular alterations in women with endometriosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on endometriosis and infertility.
• Analysis of clinical, biochemical, morphological, and molecular data.
• Examination of evidence from oocyte donation programs.

Main Results:

• Endometrial and ectopic endometrial tissues exhibit distinct behaviors compared to healthy endometrium.
• Implantation rates appear lower, and spontaneous abortion rates are variable in women with endometriosis.
• Oocyte quality may be compromised, with potential alterations in ovarian steroid production and luteal function.

Conclusions:

• Endometriosis significantly impacts endometrial receptivity and oocyte/embryo quality, contributing to infertility.
• Altered molecular mechanisms, including steroidogenesis and luteal function, are implicated.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex relationships and develop targeted therapies.