Immobilization of enzymes on activated carbon: selection and preparation of the carbon support

Based upon its superior catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition, a bituminous coal-based activated carbon was selected for investigations of pretreatment and enzyme immobilization methods. Pretreatments considered include acid washing, exposure to strong oxidizing agents, contact with concentrated peroxide solutions, nitration and amination, isothiocyanate derivatization, silanization, and stearic acid coating. Effects of these pretreatments on morphology and trace-metal content of the carbon pellets have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and dispersive analysis of x rays. Immobilization of glucoamylase by adsorption, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, and covalent attachment to carbon activated by water-soluble diimide or diazotization have been examined. These different enzyme-carbon catalysts have been characterized by their enzyme loading, enzyme activity, catalytic activity for H2O2 decomposition, or combinations of these measures of performance.