Temporal evolution of traditional versus transformed ECG-based indexes in patients with induced myocardial ischemia

The time course of changes in the electrocardiogram as a result of myocardial ischemia induced during prolonged coronary angioplasty has been studied. We have analyzed the electrocardiogram evolution during the occlusion in terms of the Ischemic Changes Sensor, which is a parameter that describes the capacity of different indexes to detect induced changes. Traditional indexes at specific time locations (ST level, T wave amplitude and position, and durations of QT interval and QRS complex) and global indexes (based on the Karhunen-Loève transform as applied to the QRS complex, ST-T complex, ST segment and T wave) have been considered. The global indexes better detected ischemic changes than the traditional indexes. The most sensitive were the index for the ST-T complex (89%) in the Karhunen-Loève transform-derived group and for the ST level (61%) in the traditional group. Changes in the ventricular repolarization period usually appeared earlier (77% of patients) than changes in the depolarization period (23% of patients). A similar percentage of patients exhibited the earliest ischemic changes in the T wave (41%) and in the ST segment (36%). The evolution of the Ischemic Changes Sensor parameters showed that the majority (60%) of the total changes occurred during the first minute of occlusion. The results suggest that the use of global electrocardiogram indexes better reflect ischemic changes than do traditional indexes, such as the ST segment deviation.