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Control of parturition in ruminants.

¹Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0274, USA.

Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement

|February 29, 2000

Summary

Parturition in ruminants is an endocrine event triggered by fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Rising cortisol levels shift the estrogen:progesterone ratio, initiating labor and delivery.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Comparative Mammalian Physiology

Background:

Parturition is a complex physiological process in ruminants.
The endocrine control of parturition is crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the neuroendocrinology of parturition in ruminants.
To explore the mechanisms controlling the activation of the fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on parturition control in ruminants.
Analysis of the roles of fetal HPA axis, placental hormones, and prostanoids.

Main Results:

Fetal HPA axis activation, driven by cortisol, increases estrogen relative to progesterone (E:P ratio).
Elevated E:P ratio stimulates myometrial activity, leading to labor.
Prostanoids and placental hormones (estrogen, androgens) augment fetal HPA axis activity.

Conclusions:

Parturition in ruminants is an endocrine-driven event initiated by fetal HPA axis activation.
Further research is needed to elucidate whether parturition is regulated or programmed, and the interplay between the placenta and fetal hypothalamus.

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