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A cohort mortality study among gas generator utility workers.

W J Blot1, J P Fryzek, B E Henderson

  • 1International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Md. 20850, USA.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|February 29, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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This study found no increased lung cancer risk for Pacific Gas and Electric Company workers, even those with potential exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds. Occupational exposures at PG&E facilities did not lead to higher mortality rates.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Previous studies examined utility worker mortality but lacked specific data for PG&E employees, particularly those in gas generator operations.
  • Hexavalent chromium compounds were used in PG&E gas generator plants from the 1950s to early 1980s, necessitating an evaluation of potential health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the risk of lung cancer and other causes of death among male workers at the Pacific Gas and Electric Company.
  • To investigate potential associations between occupational exposures, specifically in gas generator plants, and mortality outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 51,899 PG&E male workers was followed for mortality from 1971 to 1997.
  • Observed deaths were compared to expected deaths based on California general population rates, calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

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  • Subgroup analyses were performed for workers with potential exposure in gas generator facilities.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall cohort mortality was lower than expected (SMR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.91).
    • No significant excesses in total cancer or specific cancer mortality were observed.
    • Lung cancer mortality was close to expected (SMR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.05), with no elevated risk found for workers in gas generator facilities or with increased employment duration.

    Conclusions:

    • Occupational exposures at PG&E facilities did not result in an increased risk of lung cancer or any other cause of death.
    • The study provides no evidence linking PG&E employment to elevated cancer mortality, suggesting chromium exposures were of insufficient magnitude to increase risk.