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The human spleen as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.

M I Barnhart, J M Lusher

    American Journal of Hematology
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Scanning electron microscopy reveals spleen circulation pathways and cellular structures. This study contrasts normal spleens with those affected by hypersplenism, hereditary spherocytosis, and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Pathology
    • Microscopy

    Background:

    • The spleen's complex three-dimensional structure and circulation pathways have been areas of ongoing research.
    • Understanding splenic microanatomy is crucial for diagnosing and managing various hematological disorders.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the three-dimensional structure of the spleen using scanning electron microscopy.
    • To investigate splenic microvasculature and cellular morphology in normal spleens and in conditions like hypersplenism, hereditary spherocytosis, and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

    Main Methods:

    • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed on arterially perfused, nonperfused, and plastic corrosion cast spleen specimens.
    • A total of 25 spleens were studied: 18 with hypersplenism and 7 normal spleens from children with Hodgkin's disease.

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    Main Results:

    • Splenic sinuses exhibit porosity, with red blood cells (RBCs) observed entering sinuses through "sinus windows," indicating an open circulation pathway.
    • Direct arteriovenous connections were visualized in microvasculature casts, supporting the existence of a "closed" circulation pathway.
    • Spleens in hereditary spherocytosis showed abundant red pulp and thickened cords with abnormal RBC membranes.
    • Spleens in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were characterized by prominent white pulp, frequent germinal centers, and platelet aggregation near macrophages.

    Conclusions:

    • SEM provides detailed insights into splenic microcirculation, revealing both open and closed pathways.
    • Distinct morphological alterations in the spleen are associated with specific hematological conditions, offering potential diagnostic markers.
    • Membrane features of RBCs in hereditary spherocytosis may reflect intrinsic protein abnormalities.