Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Wave Nature of Light02:12

The Wave Nature of Light

The nature of light has been a subject of inquiry since antiquity. In the seventeenth century, Isaac Newton performed experiments with lenses and prisms and was able to demonstrate that white light consists of the individual colors of the rainbow combined together. Newton explained his optics findings in terms of a "corpuscular" view of light, in which light was composed of streams of extremely tiny particles traveling at high speeds according to Newton's laws of motion.
Non-uniform Circular Motion01:22

Non-uniform Circular Motion

In uniform circular motion, the particle executing circular motion has a constant speed, and the circle is at a fixed radius. However, not all circular motion occurs at a constant speed. A particle can travel in a circle and speed up or slow down, showing an acceleration in the direction of motion. In that case, the motion is called non-uniform circular motion, and an additional acceleration is introduced, which is in the direction tangential to the circle. 
For example, such accelerations...
Simple Harmonic Motion01:21

Simple Harmonic Motion

Simple harmonic motion is the name given to oscillatory motion for a system where the net force can be described by Hooke's law. If the net force can be described by Hooke's law and there is no damping (by friction or other non-conservative forces), then a simple harmonic oscillator will oscillate with equal displacement on either side of the equilibrium position. To derive an equation for period and frequency, the equation of motion is used. The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is given...
Upward Impending Motion01:21

Upward Impending Motion

A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. Its operation is based on converting the force applied at its handle into a torsional moment, causing the upward impending motion of the screw. This movement is accomplished by overcoming the static friction between the threads of the screw and the jack.
To better comprehend how a screw jack functions, consider the completely unraveled thread as a block in contact with the...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

First- and second-order transformational apparent motion rely on common shape representations.

Vision research·2021
Same author

The tactile motion aftereffect suggests an intensive code for speed in neurons sensitive to both speed and direction of motion.

Journal of neurophysiology·2016
Same author

Attentional resolution.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2011
Same author

Motion fading is driven by perceived, not actual angular velocity.

Vision research·2010
Same author

Microsaccade directions do not predict directionality of illusory brightness changes of overlapping transparent surfaces.

Vision research·2009
Same author

Motion fading and the motion aftereffect share a common process of neural adaptation.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions
09:46

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

Published on: May 10, 2012

Wakes and spokes: new motion-induced brightness illusions.

A O Holcombe1, S L Macknik, J Intriligator

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. holcombe@wjh.harvard.edu

Perception
|March 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

High-contrast moving objects create illusory "wakes" and "spokes." These visual phenomena, distinct in their behavior, offer new insights into human motion and brightness perception.

More Related Videos

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment
09:11

Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment

Published on: April 21, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 26, 2026

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions
09:46

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions

Published on: May 10, 2012

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment
09:11

Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment

Published on: April 21, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • High-contrast moving figures can induce illusory visual phenomena.
  • Novel adjacent regions, termed 'wakes' and 'spokes,' exhibit opposite contrast polarity to the inducing figures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the properties of novel visual illusions: 'wakes' and 'spokes.'
  • To investigate the characteristics and constraints of these illusions on theories of human motion and brightness perception.

Main Methods:

  • Observation and documentation of illusory phenomena induced by moving bars.
  • Experimental manipulation of bar position, direction, velocity, and intervening figures.

Main Results:

  • 'Spokes' appear on the side of a moving bar nearest fixation, connecting to it without crossing.
  • 'Wakes' emanate from the side farthest from fixation, trailing the bar's movement.
  • Wake trailing distance increases with bar velocity, suggesting edge-based spread.

Conclusions:

  • 'Wakes' and 'spokes' are distinct illusions with unique properties.
  • These illusions provide significant constraints for theories of human motion and brightness perception.