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Related Experiment Videos

Developmental brain anomalies in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

P Nopoulos1, S Berg, F X Castellenos

  • 1Mental Health Clinical Research Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City 52242, USA. peggy-nopoulos@uiowa.edu

Journal of Child Neurology
|March 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may stem from early brain development issues. This study found specific neurodevelopmental brain anomalies, like gray-matter heterotopia, more frequently in children with ADHD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Child psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered neurodevelopmental, but specific timing and processes remain unclear.
  • Neurodevelopmental brain anomalies are linked to psychiatric conditions but unexamined in ADHD populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of specific developmental brain anomalies in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls.
  • To investigate the neurodevelopmental origins of ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Visual inspection of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
  • Comparison of anomaly frequencies between ADHD patients (n=85) and healthy controls (n=95).

Main Results:

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  • Children with ADHD showed a higher frequency of gray-matter heterotopia (neuronal migration anomaly) compared to controls.
  • Posterior fossa abnormalities, indicated by excess cerebrospinal fluid, were more common in the ADHD group.
  • No significant difference in enlarged cavum septi pellucidum frequency was observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the neurodevelopmental origin of ADHD.
  • Aberrant brain development in ADHD may occur during early gestation.