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Radiologic-pathologic findings in raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) encephalitis

H A Rowley1, R M Uht, K R Kazacos

  • 1Department of Neurology and Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|March 1, 2000
PubMed

Insights

A severe parasitic infection caused by Baylisascaris procyonis roundworm eggs led to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a child. This review covers the pathology, epidemiology, and imaging of this serious raccoon roundworm disease.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Parasitology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Baylisascaris procyonis is a common raccoon intestinal roundworm whose eggs can cause severe human infections.
  • Human infection typically occurs through accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated soil or surfaces.
  • Neurological involvement, termed neuro-Baylisascarisiasis, is the most severe manifestation, often leading to significant morbidity.

Observation:

  • A 13-month-old boy presented with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, retinitis, and prolonged encephalopathy with severe neurological deficits.
  • Initial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed diffuse periventricular white matter disease.
  • Follow-up MR imaging revealed progressive brain atrophy, indicating significant tissue damage.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis was confirmed through brain biopsy, serology, and epidemiological studies.
  • The findings established the cause as Baylisascaris procyonis infection.
  • The case highlights the potential for severe neurological sequelae from this parasitic zoonosis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering Baylisascaris procyonis infection in children with unexplained eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and neurological deficits.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to mitigate severe neurological damage.
  • Public health awareness regarding raccoon habitats and soil contamination is vital for prevention.

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