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Nonatopic wheezy children have reduced interferon-gamma.

S C Leech1, J F Price, B J Holmes

  • 1Department of Child Health, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK.

Allergy
|March 4, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Children with wheezing and viral infections show lower interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. This defect in IFN-gamma secretion may contribute to viral-induced wheeze, particularly in nonatopic children.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Viral Infections

Background:

  • Viral respiratory tract infections are a common trigger for asthma exacerbations in children.
  • Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a key type 1 cytokine involved in immune responses.
  • Previous research suggests a link between cytokine profiles and asthma development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that children experiencing wheezing with viral infections have altered peripheral circulation levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).
  • To compare IFN-gamma secretion in children with and without a history of wheezing, considering atopic status.
  • To explore the role of T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) in IFN-gamma production during viral-induced wheeze.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from children with episodic wheeze (including atopic and nonatopic individuals) and healthy controls.

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  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets were separated.
  • Cells were stimulated, and levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-5 were measured using ELISA.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with a history of wheeze exhibited significantly lower IFN-gamma production from both CD4 and CD8 T cells compared to controls.
    • This reduction in IFN-gamma was particularly pronounced in nonatopic children with wheeze.
    • Lower CD8 IL-5 levels were observed in children who wheezed, while IL-4 and IL-5 production by CD4 cells did not differ significantly across groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Defective IFN-gamma secretion by CD4 and CD8 T cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of viral-induced wheeze.
    • The findings suggest a potential immunological mechanism underlying wheezing in nonatopic children triggered by viral infections.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.