Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Physical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

Toxic Reactions: Overview

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Should we screen adults with osteoporotic fractures for coeliac disease?

Gut·2003

Same author

An elderly man with chest pain, shortness of breath, and constipation.

Postgraduate medical journal·2003

Same author

Intracerebral hemorrhage following possible interaction between celecoxib and clopidogrel.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy·2002

Same author

Silent myocardial ischaemia following methysergide overdose.

Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine·2001

Same author

Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of histamine H2 receptor antagonists.

Drug safety·2001

Same author

Lead poisoning from complementary and alternative medicine in multiple sclerosis.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2000

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L.

A A Fisher¹, P Purcell, D G Le Couteur

¹The Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australia.

Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology

|March 4, 2000

Summary

Herbal remedies like Passiflora incarnata can cause serious adverse effects, including cardiac issues. Healthcare providers should inquire about herbal product use in patients with unexplained symptoms.

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Clinical Toxicology
Integrative Medicine

Background:

Herbal medicines are widely used but may possess unrecognized adverse effects.
Assessing the safety profile of commonly used herbal remedies is crucial.

Observation:

A case study details a 34-year-old female experiencing severe nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, prolonged QTc interval, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia.
These symptoms emerged after consuming Passiflora incarnata (passionflower) at recommended doses.

Findings:

The patient required hospitalization for cardiac monitoring and IV fluids due to the adverse events.
A significant association was established between Passiflora incarnata use and the patient's severe adverse effects.

Implications:

More Related Videos

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

Lethality Bioassay Using Artemia salina L.

Lethality Bioassay Using Artemia salina L.

Published on: October 11, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: October 2, 2016

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment

Published on: December 3, 2020

Lethality Bioassay Using Artemia salina L.

Lethality Bioassay Using Artemia salina L.

Published on: October 11, 2022

Passiflora incarnata can be linked to significant adverse events, including cardiac arrhythmias.
Clinicians must proactively question patients about herbal medicine consumption, especially when diagnosing undiagnosed conditions.