The complexity of the malaria vectorial system in Africa

The malaria vectorial system in Africa is very complex. Five very efficient vector species transmit malaria: Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis, An. funestus, and the sometimes overlooked An. nili and An. moucheti. This paper focuses on morphological, behavioural and genetic differences observed among populations within each vector species. It emphasises that future strategies for controlling vectors should take into account this heterogeneity.