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Prompt Optical Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts.

Akerlof, Balsano, Barthelmy

    The Astrophysical Journal
    |March 4, 2000
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) found no optical counterparts to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) within the first hour. This study sets new limits on GRB afterglow brightness, suggesting no strong correlation with gamma-ray emission.

    Area of Science:

    • Astrophysics
    • High-Energy Astronomy
    • Observational Cosmology

    Background:

    • Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense, brief flashes of high-energy radiation.
    • Understanding the prompt and afterglow emission of GRBs is crucial for astrophysics.
    • The Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) was designed to detect optical afterglows.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To search for early optical afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).
    • To establish stringent upper limits on the brightness of GRB optical counterparts.
    • To investigate the relationship between gamma-ray emission and optical afterglow flux.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) for optical observations.
    • Targeted six GRBs with precise localizations (≤ 1 deg²).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Performed rapid follow-up observations to capture early emission within the first hour.

    • Main Results:

    • No optical counterparts were detected for the observed GRBs.
    • Achieved early limiting sensitivity of mROTSE > 13.1 at ~11 seconds post-gamma-ray rise.
    • Established a best limit of mROTSE > 16.0 at 62 minutes, representing the most stringent limits to date for GRB optical afterglows within the first hour.
    • Analysis of gamma-ray fluence and peak flux did not reveal a strong positive correlation with optical flux for the studied bursts, including GRB 990123.

    Conclusions:

    • The lack of detected optical counterparts suggests that early GRB afterglows may be fainter than previously expected or that detection requires even faster response times.
    • The obtained stringent upper limits provide valuable constraints for theoretical models of GRB afterglow emission.
    • The findings challenge a simple, strong correlation between the observed gamma-ray emission and the early optical afterglow brightness.