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Altered lipid profile, lipoprotein composition, and oxidant and antioxidant status in pediatric Crohn disease
1Gastroenterology-Nutrition Unit, Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Canada. levye@justine.umontreal.ca
Insights
Pediatric Crohn disease (CD) patients exhibit altered lipid profiles and impaired oxidant-antioxidant status, indicating significant metabolic disturbances. These findings highlight the complex interplay between inflammation and lipid metabolism in CD pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Clinical Nutrition
Background:
- Crohn disease (CD) pathogenesis is increasingly linked to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.
- Inflammatory processes in CD may disrupt circulating lipid metabolism and antioxidant defenses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the lipid profile, lipoprotein composition, and oxidant-antioxidant status in children diagnosed with Crohn disease.
- To compare these parameters between pediatric CD patients and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 22 pediatric patients with Crohn disease and 10 healthy control subjects.
- Analysis of plasma lipid profiles, including fatty acid composition and lipoprotein particle characteristics.
- Assessment of oxidant-antioxidant markers such as malondialdehyde and retinol concentrations.
Main Results:
- CD patients displayed altered fatty acid profiles, indicative of essential fatty acid deficiency.
- Lower levels of LDL-cholesterol and apolipoproteins B and A-I were observed in CD patients.
- Increased lipid peroxidation (higher malondialdehyde) and reduced retinol levels were documented in CD patients, alongside significant alterations in VLDL, IDL, and HDL lipoprotein composition.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric Crohn disease is associated with significant disturbances in lipid profiles and lipoprotein metabolism.
- Impaired oxidant-antioxidant status, evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation, is a key feature in pediatric CD.
- These metabolic derangements underscore the complex pathophysiology of Crohn disease in children.
Background:
Growing evidence supports a role for peroxidation in the pathogenesis of Crohn disease (CD). The activation of inflammatory cells, the release of their mediators, and the excessive production of free radicals may affect circulating lipids.
Objective:
We examined the lipid profile, lipoprotein composition, and oxidant-antioxidant status of children with CD.
Design:
We studied 22 pediatric CD patients and 10 healthy control subjects.
Results:
The proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in plasma of CD patients was higher but that of polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower than in control subjects. This resulted in higher ratios in CD patients of palmitoleic acid to linoleic acid (P < 0. 05) and of eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid (P < 0.04), 2 established indexes of essential fatty acid deficiency. Hypocholesterolemia was noted in CD patients as a result of lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations than in control subjects (P < 0.02). Plasma apolipoproteins B (P < 0.02) and A-I (P < 0.02) were also lower in CD patients, whereas plasma triacylglycerols were higher (P < 0.005). Lipoprotein composition was altered in CD patients, with relative triacylglycerol depletion and protein enrichment in VLDL. In contrast, intermediate-density lipoprotein of CD patients was characterized by an increased percentage of triacylglycerol and protein (P < 0.005) and a reduced proportion of phospholipids (P < 0. 01). Additional abnormalities were observed in the chemical distribution of HDL(2) and HDL(3) moieties. Lipid peroxidation was documented by higher plasma malondialdehyde concentrations in CD patients (P < 0.05), accompanied by lower retinol concentrations (P < 0.02).
Conclusion:
Disturbances in the lipid profile, in lipoprotein concentrations and composition, and in oxidant-antioxidant status occur in CD patients.
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