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Interleukin-18 stimulates HIV-1 replication in a T-cell line
S A Klein1, C Klebba, D Kauschat
1Universitätsklinik Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik III, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
European Cytokine Network
|March 8, 2000
Summary
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in lymphatic cells. This study shows IL-18 boosts viral activity, suggesting a role in HIV pathogenesis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a dual role in viral infections.
- IL-18 can induce interferon-gamma, suggesting antiviral properties.
- However, IL-18 also activates NF-kB, a pathway known to enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of IL-18 on HIV-1 replication in lymphatic cells.
- To determine if IL-18 influences HIV-1 replication in Hut78 cells.
Main Methods:
- Hut78 lymphatic cells were infected with HIV-1 in the presence of recombinant human IL-18.
- HIV-1 replication was quantified using p24 ELISA and endpoint titration on C8166 cells.
- Neutralizing monoclonal anti-IL-18 antibodies were used to block IL-18's effect.
Main Results:
- IL-18 significantly enhanced HIV-1 replication in Hut78 cells by 3- to 15-fold.
- The addition of neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies reduced this enhancement by 75%.
- Pre-exposure of cells to IL-18 before HIV infection ruled out promotion of initial cell infection.
Conclusions:
- IL-18 directly enhances HIV-1 replication in lymphatic cells.
- These findings suggest a pro-viral role for IL-18 in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
- Targeting IL-18 may offer a therapeutic strategy for HIV-1 infection.