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Related Experiment Videos

Assessing dopamine concentrations: an evidence-based approach.

K D Blad1, S Lookinland, G Measom

  • 1College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.

American Journal of Critical Care : an Official Publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
|March 8, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Overfilled 100-mL intravenous bags can lead to dangerous medication overdilution. This study found significant volume discrepancies, potentially causing adverse drug events with dopamine administration.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Medication errors, including over- or under-dosing, pose significant risks to patient health.
  • Overfilling of intravenous (IV) bags can lead to drug overdilution, potentially causing ineffective treatment and adverse drug events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the actual fluid volumes in 100-mL IV bags.
  • To compare volumes across major IV bag manufacturers.
  • To assess if excess volume causes clinically significant dopamine overdilution.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative descriptive study measured the volumes of 162 100-mL IV bags using visual estimation and precise electronic weighing.
  • Volumes were assessed across 32 different lot numbers and expiration dates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A mathematical model defined clinically significant overfill as exceeding 110 mL.

    • Main Results:

    • A statistically and clinically significant difference was found between labeled and actual IV bag volumes.
    • Mean measured volumes exceeded the labeled 100 mL, with visual volumes averaging 110.20 mL and weighed volumes averaging 109.26 mL.
    • Significant volume variations (P < .001) were observed among bags from the three major manufacturers.

    Conclusions:

    • The documented overfill in 100-mL IV bags is sufficient to cause clinically significant overdilution of medications like dopamine.
    • To mitigate risks, healthcare providers should consider using in-line burets or premixed bags for dopamine and other vasoactive drugs.