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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview01:07

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Published on: November 12, 2013

Geometric quantum computation using nuclear magnetic resonance

Jones1, Vedral, Ekert

  • 1Centre for Quantum Computation, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK. jonathan.jones@qubit.org

Nature
|March 8, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrated a fault-tolerant quantum logic gate using a conditional Berry phase. This nuclear magnetic resonance experiment shows a robust method for quantum information processing, enhancing quantum computing capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Computing
  • Experimental Physics

Background:

  • Quantum computing's potential surpasses classical Turing machines, necessitating fault-tolerant quantum logic gates.
  • Quantum logic gates require conditional quantum dynamics, often involving phase shifts.
  • Phase shifts can be geometric (Berry phases), offering resilience to errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally implement a conditional Berry phase for quantum information processing.
  • To demonstrate a fault-tolerant quantum gate operation using geometric phases.
  • To combine nuclear magnetic resonance techniques with geometric phase concepts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques.
  • Implemented a conditional geometric (Berry) phase shift.
  • Designed an experiment for controlled quantum evolution dependent on sub-system states.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated a controlled phase shift gate.
  • Implemented a conditional Berry phase in an NMR experiment.
  • Showcased the potential for intrinsically fault-tolerant quantum gate operations.

Conclusions:

  • Conditional geometric phases offer a promising route to fault-tolerant quantum computing.
  • NMR is a viable platform for implementing advanced quantum gate operations.
  • This work advances the experimental realization of robust quantum information processing.